Pulmonology · Overview · 2 min read

Asthma

Asthma is reversible airflow obstruction with bronchial hyperresponsiveness and chronic airway inflammation. Stepwise therapy anchored on inhaled corticosteroids controls symptoms; biologics rescue severe eosinophilic and allergic phenotypes.

Key points

  • Spirometry: FEV1/FVC below 0.7 with FEV1 reversibility of at least 12% after short-acting beta-agonist.
  • GINA initial therapy: low-dose ICS-formoterol as needed; daily maintenance for poor control.
  • Goal: fewer than 2 daytime symptom episodes per week and zero nocturnal awakenings.
  • Severe exacerbation: prednisone 50 mg daily for 5 days; IV magnesium 2 g if PEF below 40%.
  • Severe eosinophilic asthma: mepolizumab reduces exacerbation rate by approximately 50%.

Exam relevance

USMLE Step 2PLAB 2MRCP

This overview distills an evidence-graded article whose claims are traced to guideline-tier references (GINA, ATS, and specialty-society guidance) inside the full ClinIQ Library version.

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